Expert Hair Testimony Essay

Hello ladies and gentlemen of the jury my name is Brittany Marroquin. I am a hair analysis expert. I am here today to determine whether or not the suspects are responsible for the crime that has been committed. I have here the lab results depicting the crime scene. The trace evidence (small but measurable amounts of physical or biological material found at a crime scene) found at the crime scene was the killers hair, and the victim’s own hair to exclude any hair samples found similar to the victim. There are three suspect and one sample hair found at the scene of the crime. After analyzing the crime scene hair we found that the hair was light brown, transparent and have no medulla, (the central core of a hair fiber) with an imbricate (cuticles scales that are flattened and narrow) cuticle (the tough outer covering of a hair composed of overlapping scales). When analyzing the hair follicles (the actively growing root or base of a hair containing DNA and living cells), you can g o at it two ways macroscopically (in a such a way as to be large enough to be visible to the naked eye; in a way which is comprehensive or is concerned with large units) and microscopically (Too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope). When analyzing the hair macroscopically you should look at the length, color, sheen, whether it’s wavy or straight, and the presence or absence of follicle tissue or not.

Part a Critical Analysis of Project Management Plan

Part A Critical Analysis of Project Management Plan Executive Summary Table of Contents 1 Introduction This report will present the critical analysis about humanities financial services review project management plan. The purpose of the report is to apply the different theories and ideas regarding the project management plan. The main purpose of the critical analysis is to critique as well as evaluate somebody’s work based on the opinion, idea and perspective of someone. It is an academic report that contains a description of the project plan (part B) as well as its content.This report will also express the opinion of the author with regards to the different part of the project management plan that has chosen. It will analyze the whole project plan by breaking down the project into parts and then studying and evaluating each and every part using the support and help of different references from different books, journals and other related studies. This report will also show the importance of a project plan and who will be benefited from its use and implementation. The structure of the report will follow the structure of the chosen project plan.It will individually analyze the different part or aspect of the project plan based on the project management body of knowledge. The main focus of the report is to give analysis about the different important aspect of the project management plan such as the time or schedule, money or cost, human resource or work breakdown structure as well as different risk that can be encountered by the project during the implementation of the plan. 2 Project Background 2. 1 Information about the Work 2. 1. 1 Title: Humanities Financial Services Review Project Management Plan . 1. 2 Author: Craig Medley 2. 1. 3 Publication Information: Project Id HUM-PR-P1, v. 04 Draft, August 30, 2007, from http://edo. humanities. curtin. edu. au/pdf/Project_Managem ent_Plan_2007. pdf 2. 2 Project Description The chosen document focuses on the pla n for the management of the humanities financial services review project. It was written in order to show or review the different areas or aspects of the newly implemented new transactional systems in November 2007, with an upgrade to the finance one to the Concur and BPI in Humanities only.It can help to know the different processes and flow of data and information of its accounting and purchasing transactions across each and every division (Medley 2007, p. 4). The Faculty of the Humanities of the Curtin University of the Technology offers different courses in Media, Communications, Built Environment, Art and Design, Education, Languages, Human Services as well as Social Sciences. All f the said courses are only few of the courses that the said department of the Curtin University is offering (Faculty of Humanities 2008).The project plan focuses on the implementation of the finance and accounting system of the department that focuses on the needs of the users of the system like invo icing, ordering, approving, reconciling, access to the system, structure of the outputs, skills and request and access for the different outputs (Medley 2007, p. 4). The project management plan will help the current system to improve its operations and increase the security that will eventually help to meet the demands and needs of the different stakeholders or users. Structure and contents of the Project Plan 3. 1 Project Management Plan and Its Purpose 3. 1. 1 What is Project Plan? Project management plan or simply project plan is a document that corresponds to the overall purposes or objectives, responsibilities, resource requirements and agenda for the project (Baker & Baker 2003, p. 29). It is considered as more than a playbook that determine what are the different works or task that are need to done and accomplish (Phillips 2004, p. 32). It is a fluid document that controls the following elements: Provide structure – project plan is developed in order to present a struc ture or composition in order to get the project to its completion. It must be methodical and systematical but brief and short, compilation of different documents that serves as a point of references in the course of the project implementation (Phillips 2004, p. 32). ? Provide Documentation – documented project plan is needed in order for the project to be a successful one. This is due to the fact that it must present historical references and the different reasons behind the decisions that have been made (Phillips 2004, p. 32). Provide Baselines – a project plan includes a number of baselines. As the project shift towards the finishing point, the management together with the stakeholders and the project managers can use the project plan in order to see what was predicted for the costs, schedules, qualities and scopes – and compare it to the present condition (Phillips 2004, p. 32). Project plan is the output or result of the planning phase that confines the diff erent information that has been observed and fulfilled with the team and lays out the different activities and processes about how the project will be carried out.It also represents the projected reality (Martin & Tate 2001, p. 155). 3. 1. 2 Purposes and Importance of the Project Plan The major function of the project plan is to provide a step-by-step insight into what it takes in order to satisfy the requirements or the needs of the system (Frame 2002, p. 97). An inclusive and fittingly comprehensive project plan is essential to a successful completion of any project. It can help to direct the project itself.Without the aid or help of a project plan, it will hard and even impossible to lead a group to carry out their different responsibilities in order achieves their common goal (Baker & Baker 2003, p. 29). It is a directing document of the project management that serves up as a storage area for all of the supplementary plans. It is a guiding document for the project and it’ s intrinsically needs to replicate all of the information that is critical or crucial to the project manager, project team, customer as well as management sponsor. It offers broad direction as to the cost, schedule and requirements baselines.In its thorough and comprehensive form, it provides much more exact and precise guidance on the nature of the components of the different supporting plans (Pritchard 2004, p. 100). 3. 2 Stakeholder of the Humanities Financial Services Review Project Management Plan The main audience or target of the humanities of the financial services review project management are the higher officials who are involved in the overall process and management of the different financial and accounting activities in the humanities department of the   Curtin University of the Technology.The plan will focus on the review of the different areas of the current system of the humanities of the Curtin University of the Technology such as the different internal process flo ws such as invoicing, ordering, approving as well as reconciling; the number of the people or the user that can access the systems of the Concur and the Finance One; the structure of the invoicing as well as procurement function as well as the different responsibilities and functions of each and every users; the different skills of every users; the different uses and what they are used for such as the request for the Curtin tax invoice and its different uses and the different types of transactions that are involved with the credit card or purchase request (Medley 2007, p. 4).All of the said information together with other result of the review will be helpful for the management in order for them to improve the current system of the Humanities department that will ensure competitive advantage for their part because it can make the life of their stakeholders a lot easier. It can also help them to excel in their different operations as well as to ensure or add their financial security. 3. 3 Structure of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the Humanities Financial Services Review Project Management Plan 3. 4 Different Sections of the Humanities Financial Services Review Project Management Plan 4 Conclusions 5 Recommendations Part B Humanities Financial Services Review Project Management Plan 1 Introduction 1. 1 About this Document This document provides a plan for the management of the Humanities Financial Services Review Project. 1. 2 BackgroundNew transactional systems and processes have been implemented recently, being Concur and BPI (Humanities only) with an upgrade to Finance One to occur in November 2007. In addition, the Division is looking at ways in which to best undertake support activities including purchasing and accounting to ensure that efficiencies are obtained. A Financial Services Office is already operational and undertakes some financial processes i. e. electronic processing of credit card transactions. Based on the above, it is now timely to review current sys tems, processes and structures which accounting and purchasing transactions operate under across the Division.The areas that would be reviewed include but are not limited to; internal process flows (including invoicing, ordering, approving and reconciling), the number of people with access to systems (both Concur and Finance One), the structure of the invoicing and procurement function (who does what), skills, and how systems are used and what they are used for (e. g. request for Curtin tax invoice, what are allonges used for, what type of transactions are going through credit cards / purchase request). 1. 3 Project Sponsor The Project Sponsor is Ken McCluskey 1. 4 Project Manager The Project Manager is Craig Medley. 1. 5 Project Team The Project team is comprised of Raymond Seah and Craig Medley 1. 6 Key StakeholdersThe key stakeholders (Humanities only) of this project include: Executive Dean Deans Review Panel 2 Project Scope 2. 1 Strategic Link This project specifically contribu tes towards to the following strategic objective(s):  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Excellence in operations  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Financial security 2. 2 Project Benefits The expected benefits and impacts of the project deliverables are: ? Improved definition and understanding of the role / scope of work of the Financial Service Office in Humanities, ? Roadmap and high level implementation plan for the agreed changes, ? Improved efficiencies and effectiveness of processes within Humanities through standardization and centralization where identified, Potential cost savings and risk reduction in procurement and credit cards processes / systems. 2. 3 Project Deliverables The project’s key deliverables are: Document / s covering: ? Matrix of processes and systems under Humanities Financial Services Office and respective Teaching Areas, ? Services identified for improvement via end to end processing / procurement arrangements / invoicing, ? Recommended proces s flow for identified services, ? List of service deliverables (with the resource requirement) of the Humanities Financial Services Office, ? Policies to support recommended services, ? High level implementation plan 2. 4 Out of Scope The following items are considered out of the scope: ? Implementation of recommendations Expenditure incurred whilst traveling (this may be included at a later date) 2. 5 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) The project tasks to produce the project deliverables are listed in the Gantt chart at Appendix B1. 2. 6 Constraints The following key project constraints were identified: ? Availability and willingness of staff to contribute ? Data quality 2. 7 Assumptions The following key assumptions influenced the development of this Project Management Plan: ? All staff will be available as required 3 Project Time Schedule 3. 1 Schedule The detailed project schedule is provided in the Gantt chart at Appendix B1 4 Project Costs 4. 1 Budget summary The budget breakdown is summarized as follows: Resource Type |Total Cost ($) |Hours | |Human resources |$30,000 | |Equipment and products | |Consumables | |Totals |$30,000 | |   |   |   |   | The Communication Plan examines the key contacts, frequency of communications, and communication medium to be deployed.It is used to ensure adequate consideration has been given to consultation and information dissemination. It is attached as Appendix D. 5 Project Accountabilities 5. 1 Project Organizational Chart The Project Organizational Chart provides a visual representation of the project team and project reporting structure. It is attached as Appendix B. 5. 2 Responsibility Assignment Matrix The Responsibility Assignment Matrix outlines responsibilities allocated to individuals for each task. It is attached as Appendix C. 5. 3 Project Sponsor The roles and responsibilities of the Project Sponsor include: Responsibility to senior management for the project;Endorsing this document to confirm that proj ect scope and deliverables are correct; Approving changes to scope, schedule, and quality; Reviewing progress and providing strategic direction; Resolving issues beyond the Project Manager’s authority; Providing the resources and sponsorship for the project; and Examining the project at completion2 and completing a Project Sign-off form. 5. 4 Project Manager The roles and responsibilities of the Project Manager include: Managing the day-to-day operations of the project to ensure the project deliverables are produced to scope, schedule, and quality; Monitoring and controlling the Project Management Plan;Providing status reports to the Project Sponsor; Leading the project teams to meet the project objectives; Undertaking the tasks assigned, as specified in the Responsibility Assignment Matrix (refer Appendix C); and Consulting with the Project Sponsor and key stakeholders to maintain communications and keep parties up to date on project progress. 6 Communications Plan 6. 1 Plan The Communication Plan examines the key contacts, frequency of communications, and communication medium to be deployed. It is used to ensure adequate consideration has been given to consultation and information dissemination. It is attached as Appendix B4. 7 Risk Management Plan 7. 1 Risk AssessmentThe Risk Management Plan, attached as Appendix B5, examines risks, rates those risks and identifies potential treatment strategies. 8 Project Control 8. 1 Progress Reporting The Project Management Plan will be controlled on a regular basis, by means of completing Project Status Report to the Project Sponsor on a fortnightly basis. The key elements are scope, schedule, and risk, with the control process comprising: †¢ Monitoring and measuring performance; †¢ Comparing performance to this plan; †¢ Reporting on deviations and issues; and †¢ Taking corrective action (where necessary). 8. 2 Change Management Any proposed changes to the scope or quality will be processed as follows: Proposed changes will be evaluated on the basis of their impact on the project process and outcome, and in light of reasonable alternatives; ? Proposed changes will be formally recorded on a Project Change Control report and submitted to the Project Sponsor; ? The Project Sponsor will review proposed changes, and either accept or reject them; and ? Accepted changes will be communicated to all concerned stakeholders, and project documentation will be amended accordingly. Appendices Appendix A1 Project Management Areas of Knowledge and Its Process ? Appendix B1 Task, Schedule & Gantt Chart Adapted from (PMI Standards & Duncan 1996, p. 7) Appendix B1 Timeline/ Gantt Chart Appendix B2 Project Organizational Chart Appendix B3 – Responsibility Assignment Matrix ID |WBS TASKS |Project |Team Member |Review Committee |Sponsor | | | |Manager | | | | | | |Craig |Raymond |Ken |   | |1 |Policy review |R |I |N |I | |2 |Purchase to Pay Stream |R |I |N, C |A | |2. 1 |Data analysi s |R |I |N, C |C | |2. 2 |Data modelling |R |I |N |N | |3 |Invoicing Stream |N, I |R |I, C |I, C | |3. |Invoice profiling |N, I |R |N |N | |3. 2 |Develop process documentation |N, I |R |N |N | |3. 3 |Present P2P and Invoice data |R |I |N |N | |4 |Interviews |R |I |I, C |C | |4. 1 |Define questions |R |R |C |I | |4. 2 |Agree on questions |R |I |C |A | |4. |Conduct interviews |R |R |I, C |N | |4. 4 |Collate information |R |I |N |N | |4. 5 |Develop activity lists / |R |R |I |N | | |matrices | | | | | |4. 6 |Develop process maps |R |R |N |N | |4. 7 |Review process maps with users|R |R |I |I | |4. |Present findings |R |I |N |C, I | |5 |Recommendations development |R |R |I |I, A | |5. 1 |Analyze prior findings |R |I |N |N, I | |5. 2 |Brainstorm options |R |I |I |I | |5. 3 |Develop recommendations |R |I |I |I | |5. 4 |Review recommendations |R |I |I |I | |5. 5 |Finalize ecommendations |R |I |A |A | |   | |LEGEND | |R – Responsible for executing activity A – Approval author ity | |I – Provides input C – Consulted | |N – Notified | APPENDIX B4 – Communication Plan Stakeholder |Information To Be Communicated|Frequency |Medium |Responsible |Timing | |Faculty/Area Administration staff affected by this review | |Review Panel |Request for feedback on the |Once before the |Meeting |Project Sponsor, |31st August | | |draft project plan and |project is | |Chair of panel & | | | |outlining next steps |officially kicked| |Project Manager | | | | |off | | | | |Executive Dean |Presentation of the draft |Once before the |Meeting |Project Sponsor and |Beginning of Sept 07 | | |project plan. The purpose of |project is | |Project manager | | | |the project; next stage on |officially | | | | | |from previous financial |kicked-off | | | | |services review project | | | | | | |looking at financial | | | | | | |transactional processes & | | | | | | |where these could be improved | | | | | | |& additional services that may| | | | | | |then res ide within the | | | | | | |division’s financial Services | | | | | | |office in the future. | | | | | |Representative from |Outline of Humanities |Prior to project |Meeting & Emails |Project Sponsor and |1st meeting end of August | |Price Waterhouse looking|Financial Services Review |kick-off | |Project Manager | | |at standardization of |project and the Project Team’s| | | | | |processes & systems |approach.Also to gain input | | | | | |across the organization |into the project depending on | | | | | | |some of the objectives that | | | | | | |Price Waterhouse have been | | | | | | |tasked with. | | | | | |Executive Dean and Deans|Kick-off Project, Project plan|At start of Presentation at HMB |Project Sponsor & |10th Sept | | |- main project objectives, |Project | |Project Manager | | | |communications plan, risks & | | | | | | |key areas being covered in the| | | | | | |project | | | | | |Project Sponsor |Project Status updates – |Fortnightly |Meeting |Projec t Manager |Starting 5th September | | |activities, key findings and | | | | | | |issues | | | | | |Financial Services |Introduce the new Associate |Once |Meeting |Project Sponsor, |Approx 3rd week in Sept | | |Director Transaction services | | |Project Team, & | | | |to the project and go through | | |Chair of Review | | | |project plan & request his | | |Committee | | | |involvement on the review | | | | | | |committee | | | | | |Review Committee |Introduction of the new |One of three |Committee meeting |Chair of Review |Towards end of September | | |Associate Director Transaction| | |Committee & Project | | | |services to the review | | |Manager | | | committee as a new member, | | | | | | |Also Summarization of | | | | | | |activities, findings at end of| | | | | | |Purchase to Pay Stream Phase | | | | | | |plus next steps | | | | | |Faculty/Area |General communication to staff|One of three |One on One meetings |Review Panel Members|Towards end of Sept | |Administration staff |in their area about the 1st | | | | | |affected by this review |phase i. e.P2P & Invoicing | | | | | | |quantitative analysis | | | | | |Review Committee |Summarization of activities, |Two of Three |Committee meeting |Project Manager |Towards end of October | | |findings at end of Invoice | | | | | | |Phase plus next steps | | | | | |Faculty/Area |General communication to staff|Two of Three |One on One meetings |Review Panel Members|Towards end of October | |Administration staff |in their area about the 2nd | | | | | |affected by this review |phase i. e. Interviews | | | | | |Review Committee |Review of draft |Three of Three |Committee meeting |Project Manager |Mid November | | |recommendations and gather | | | | | |feedback for inclusion in | | | | | | |final report | | | | | |Faculty/Area |General communication to staff|Two of Three |One on One meetings |Review Panel Members|Mid November | |Administration staff |in their area about the | | | | | |affected by this review |‘draf t’ recommendations | | | | | |Executive Dean and Deans|Project Outcomes and |Conclusion |Presentation at HMB |Project Sponsor and |Early December | | |Recommendations | | |Manager | | Appendix B5 Communication Plan Calendar *Note – Meeting dates with exception of HMB are indicative and subject to change Appendix B6 Risk Management Plan Legend for the Risk Management Plan Defining Likelihood Ratings The following table outlines the definition of likelihood rating as applied to the risk assessment. Descriptor |Definition | |Almost certain |Expected to occur in most circumstances | |Likely |Will probably occur in most circumstances | |Possible |Might occur at some time | |Unlikely |Could occur at some time | |Rare |May only occur in exceptional circumstances | Defining Consequence Ratings The following table outlines the definition of consequence rating as applied to the risk assessment. Consequence |Project Consequence | |Catastrophic |Unacceptable effect on project ob jectives | |Major |Major effects on project objectives, requiring significant effort to rectify. | |Moderate |Moderate effects on project objectives, requiring management effort to rectify | |Minor |Some difficulties experienced, but these are easily managed. | |Insignificant |No noticeable effect on project management objectives | Defining Risk Rankings The following table outlines the definition of risk categorizes, determined by combining the likelihood and consequence of a risk. RISK FACTOR |Insignificant |Minor |Moderate |Major |Catastrophic | |Almost |Low |High |High |Extreme |Extreme | |certain | | | | | | |Likely |Low |Moderate |High |Extreme |Extreme | |Possible |Low |Moderate |High |High |Extreme | |Unlikely |Low |Low |Moderate |High |High | |Rare |Low |Low |Low |Moderate |High |

Should catholic priests be allowed to marry Essay

Should catholic priests be allowed to marry - Essay Example The vow of celibacy is not as simple as it sounds when the priests are taking it due to the temptations surrounding the world’s lifestyle and considering they are not cloistered religious men but mingle freely and interact with others. An interview of Fr. Sullivan by the New York Times yields that there are a section of Catholic Priests in various parts of the world who are married but still perform the same church duties as the rest of the celibate priests without any hindrance. Their wives assist them perform God’s work not hinder them (Oppenheimer 1). There has been a recent decrease in the number of ordained Catholic priests as the number of the Christians faithful continues to increase. According to the cbs news (Quijano), this shortage in the catholic priests has even necessitated the Roman Catholic Church to take up what is seemed as â€Å"unorthodox methods† of seeking former Anglican priests (who are married and with children and do not subscribe to the Roman Catholic Church doctrines) to fill up the blank positions. Statistics indicate that the number of Catholic priests has reduced from approximately 59,000 in 1975 to around 39,000 as of 2012. This is relation to the increase in number of followers by approximately 17million between 1975 and 2012. These statistics are only for United States of America and not in other countries all over the world. According to critics, this shortage is as a result of the celibacy vow which even though people want to become priests and serve God, the vow restricts them from marrying whereas many of them want to have their own family to continue their family lineage. Allowing marriage for the celibate priests will prevent and even tone down some of the â€Å"ungodly† behavior always being aired in the media including claims of sodomy with young boys, having multiple female sexual partners with some having their babies (which always is done in the dark). This

Preparing for and Taking Standardized Tests Research Paper

Preparing for and Taking Standardized Tests - Research Paper Example Students can have access to a wide array of practice tests before actually appearing in the test. In the past, students had to go to academies in addition to their regular schools in order to prepare for the tests. Adjusting this extra work in an already busy schedule was quite of a challenge for many hard working students. Academies consumed a lot of their time as a result of which, students lagged behind in their regular home work. Even then, the quality of education would not be up to the mark because most of the energy was consumed in adjusting new activities into the schedule and then adjusting with it. In addition to that, academies popular for their history of good results used to charge the willing students quite a lot of fees which many students could not afford. Today, students can have free access to past tests, sample papers, preparing tips and test taking strategies. Internet makes a holistic approach to enhance the abilities of students from all aspects so that they bec ome adequately equipped with the required skills before appearing in the exam. This not only saves students’ time, but also enables them to have quick access to the required information. The best thing about preparing for the standardized tests from the internet is that after going through the sample tests, a student gains a preliminary idea of the areas in which he/she is weak. This helps the student place particular emphasis upon the skill enhancement in that particular area. Many online test preparation sites recommend students to go through the sample tests once before the commencement of preparation, and the second time, after they think they have prepared sufficiently. The second test is no less useful than the first one because it provides the students with an insight into their skills and the extent to which they are really prepared for the standardized test next day. In the past, children liked going to academies not just for preparation, but also with a view to lear ning strategies and tips that would help them gain maximum marks in the minimal time. Today, the same purpose is served by internet. In fact, internet provides students with a much greater variety of strategies and tips all of which have been derived from the experience of past test takers. Although preparation of the standardized tests depends to much an extent, upon the individualistic preparation of a student, though teachers also have a special role to play in it. In order to ensure that all students are able to pass the standardized tests, it is imperative that teachers take out time from the regular classes to get the students prepared for the tests. According to Hollingworth (2007 cited in Tompkins, 2011) teachers can achieve this without compromising upon the regular instructional program in five ways discussed below: 1. Teachers should make sure that the curriculum standards imposed by their state are consistent with their program and adjust the material according to the re quirements of the test. 2. Teachers should establish milestones with students and should regularly supervise their progress through informal assessments. 3. Teachers should involve students in authentic activities of literacy in order to make them potential writers and readers. 4. Teachers should narrate the test’s purpose to the students and discuss the way the results will impact their future, but should not increase the students’

The Dream is now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Dream is now - Essay Example One of my friends has completed his university studies last year but up to date he is unable to secure any job of his dream in the government or high ranking agencies in this country. This is because his status of being undocumented. Hence, end up settling for less than what all through he has worked hard and smart to do in life, which is quite a disappointing. In most cases, this has prompted him to struggle financially as he tries to cater for varied expenses, which if he was employed like any other said documented citizens life to him would have been quite easy. Based on my experience and what I have learnt through this 30-minutes video, undocumented immigrants face utter segregation when it comes to employment opportunities. This is despite having gone through extremely demanding learning process entailing not only financial commitments but also one’s time. It is quite demoralizing especially when one all through has studied and excelled but he or she cannot manage to secure a good employment opportunity with the government as well as its agencies. This is despite both the regime and its agencies having such openings for fresh graduates but those recruit cannot dare think of undocumented candidates having the required skills and expertise. In addition, these undocumented immigrants despite having excelled well in high school, higher institutions cannot take them. Hence, end up making them undergo extremely tedious and demoralizing processes if they ever secure a chance in those institutions. In most cases, this goes to the extent of some candidates giving up in life if they are not strong willed. After watching this film, I learnt those in high offices especially from both sides of the influential political parties only careless about the undocumented. This is by coming into a consensus of what ought to be done in

The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Sustainability Essay

The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Sustainability Development - Essay Example In addition the study will also shed light on the benefits of sustainable development to both societies as well as to the organizations. However, the study will mainly focus on the role played by corporate social responsibility (CSR) in fostering sustainable development of a company. Finally, on the basis of the findings the study will draw a conclusion. Discussion Since the late 1980s, nations from different parts of the world have been discussing about the need of sustainable development. The issue became more apparent when scientists identified the degradation of the ecosystem due to organizational activities. The subject of global warming was also becoming a cause of concern (Polese and Stren, 2000). In addition, to reduce the damages caused by the human and organizational activities, sustainable development become necessary. Nevertheless, after a certain point of time, sustainable development became an obligation for the organizations. Sustainable development is not only necessa ry for preserving the society and environment, but it is beneficial for both organizations as well as for the society. The study will now discuss about the advantages of sustainable development for both organizations and society. Advantages of Sustainable Development for Organizations In response to the increasing environmental challenge, high inequalities in the communal development, organizations around the world have adopted sustainable development, as their growth model (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, n.d). However, this approach has not only helped companies to continue their operation in an eco friendly way, but has also provided them with large numbers of benefits. Some of the most common ones are... This report declares that nowadays, most of the companies around the world have adopted different CSR mechanisms. Moreover, the mission and vision statement of some companies are formulated in such a way that it reflects the company’s viewpoint towards the society and environment. At the same time, these companies have also implemented innovative technologies by which they can reduce the consumption of energy and resources. Rapid population growth, globalization, urbanization and increasing middle class are the driving factors towards lessening down of scarce resources such as water, energy and raw materials. The study was about identifying the role played by corporate social responsibility in the sustainable development process of an organization. In order to satisfy the objective, the study has comprehensively researched the theories proposed by the scholars previously. In addition, real life examples regarding the area of concern were also considered. The study revealed that most of the firms around the world have adopted CSR activities in order to ensure both company as well as society gets benefitted by it. In addition, from the study it has been also identified that several CSR activities such as the smarter planet of IBM, Kellogg’s ‘k-value’ are playing a crucial role in the sustainable development process of the organizations. Therefore it can be concluded that corporate social responsibility is playing a major role in fostering sustainable development.

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Essay - 2

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Essay Example Here it has to be mentioned that the organization chosen happens to be Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is a publicly traded company since 1971 and the largest retailer in the country of U.S. Effect of Globalization and Technology Wal-Mart was founded by Sam Fulton in the year 1950 and in the year 1971 the company was listed as a publicly traded company. By 1990 the company had exhibited phenomenal success in the domestic market as it became the largest retailer in the nation. Wal-Mart went global for the first time in the year 1994 when the company decided to enter Canada and since then there has been no turning back. Today Wal-Mart has total of nine thousand and seven hundred units. Out of this more than five thousand units are international units. Globalization presented Wal-Mart the challenge of entering into new countries like China and Brazil having diverse cross cultural differences. But it also presented the opportunity to generate a lot more revenue and reach economies of scale. From the performance of the company it can be easily seen that the company has nullified the risks and utilized the opportunities to the fullest extent. The statistics speak for themselves. Today Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world. Globalization has helped the company to enter emerging markets like China, Brazil, etc. and take control of the untapped market. In short globalization has been one of the key reasons for the phenomenal success of the company (Wenderoth, 2009). Position Retailer Name 1 Wal-Mart 2 Carrefour 3 Tesco 4 Metro 5 Kroger Source: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited and STORES Media Another major change in the modus operand of the company has been the embracement of technology. It is quite needless to say that with the rise in the usage of energy round the globe, the world is likely to go through the phase of power shortage. Therefore, a lot of companies are looking to use renewable energy resources. This is also potential branding activity. Wal-Mart has been a pio neer in the usage of the modern day technology to take advantage of the use of renewable energy resources. Wal-Mart uses HVACS to reflect sunlight that reduces heat to cool the buildings. Another major change has been use of the internet. Due to rise of the use of internet, it has also become a potential marketing and sales channel. Wal-Mart has been able to develop strong digital presence both in terms of the website and social media platform. The company also provides opportunity for the customers to buy products online. Industrial organization and Resource Based model for Wal-Mart Industrial organization Model The industrial organization adds to the competitive model real life frictions such as the limited information, transaction cost and barrier to entry. Wal-Mart has been able to achieve economies of scale through the everyday low price model which has in turn acted as the potential barriers to entry. Also the globalization has helped the company a lot in becoming a market lea der. The Wal-Mart stores are also geared towards the low income customer groups (Henry, 2008). Resource Based model The resource based model of the company can be analyzed through the resource capability analysis using the VRINE model. The company has decided to focus on some capabilities such as international acquisitions, store design, supply chain and the introduction of analytics to create value for the customers. The

The Domino Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Domino Effect - Essay Example Through increased exports, current account deficit tend to correct itself and bridge the gap. However, what has been observed that in real world is something different. It has been observed that currencies of the countries with large deficits have witnessed great appreciation in the value over the period of time. The apparent reason for this appreciation in currency is the fact that the emergence of new emerging market economies like India, China, Brazil, South Africa etc has witnessed a marked decrease in the overall risk profile of developing countries. This coupled with increased interest rates saw the strong inflow of speculative capital into those countries which increased the overall attraction for the currencies of the countries having large current account deficits. The increase in the interest rates has been attributed mainly as the most important factor which attracts foreign investors and hence increases the overall attractiveness of the currency and helps stimulate its ap preciation in foreign exchange market despite country running a large current account deficit. The author further cited the examples of some countries like New Zealand, Australia, Britain and Iceland, which despite their large and persistent current deficits tend to have higher gains in their currencies. Theoretically, it has been argued that there is a relationship between the two variables however, empirical studies have proved it otherwise as there is very weak or no relationship between the two variables. These trends in current account financing however seems to be reversing because of the current financial turmoil in the markets. The article further went on to discuss that the same relationship however do not to persist over the sustained period of time and foreign capital inflows tend to dry up thus forcing current account deficits to much higher spreads. Further, the trends seem to hold when foreign investors investing into the countries with high current account deficits tend to be more risk averse. A slight change in the overall risk appetite of the foreign investor s may reverse the relationship and with increased current account deficit, inflationary pressures may further damage the trust of international investors hence virtually reverse the process of current account deficit financing through high interest rates. The above graph shows the relationship between the Current Account Deficit (CAD) and the growth in currency in Australian Markets. This graph very clearly indicates that the relationship between current account deficit and the currency appreciation and shows that as the CAD accumulated so does the exchange rate. Another important characteristic which is depicted in the above graph is the rise of bank credit with the rise in CAD and exchange rates. The higher inflows of foreign investment finally seem to be ending up in the form of local bank deposits. It is also important to mention that the article discussed the effect of foreign investments from two perspectives. First is foreign direct investment which is believe to have a less volatile nature and fluctuate less with current account deficit therefore has lesser correlation with the exchange rates. However, the speculative portion of foreign investment, the so called speculative capital, tends to show a relationship with the exchange rates and current account deficit. The below mentioned graph depicts some of the forecasted relationship betw

Shakespeare quote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shakespeare quote - Essay Example In these lines Falstaff made a link between honor and physical coercions. The message he wanted to convey was that people indulge in a particular way because they are motivated due to the motivational factor of honor. He said that honor has harmful physical consequences for the person who is being motivated by honor. He states that he might indulge in war to respect his honor but this can cause serious harm to him and can even become a cause of his death. He says that when an individual is harmed during a war in which an individual is indulged due to honor, the aspect of honor becomes a waste and is useless. This is because honor cannot heal him or cannot cure his injuries. He believes and compares honor to air that an individual exhales when he/she is involved in saying a particular word. By this he means that honor is short lived and the life of honor is as small as the air that when has exhaled while saying a word. He further adds that honor is something that an individual receive s when he/she is dead and he/she cannot enjoy honor after death. By this Falstaff meant that people honor only those warriors who have lost their life in battlefield and those who remain alive are not honored. These words were spoken by Falstaff towards the end of the Act and the specific purpose of these words was to motivate people to refrain from indulging in war and fighting with each other on the basis of honor. These words are contrary to the values and morals that the entire Act or literary work of William Shakespeare was promoting. I disagree with the statement that Falstaff has made on the grounds that honor is something that we all should live for and abide by. If we will not operate with the objective of being honored by others, our lives will be worthless because we human beings are motivated to perform an action in order to develop a positive image of our self in the eyes of

Managerial Accounting Essay Example for Free

Managerial Accounting Essay Explain the distinguishing features of managerial accounting. Identify the three broad functions of management. Define the three classes of manufacturing costs. Distinguish between product and period costs. Explain the difference between a merchandising and a manufacturing income statement. Indicate how cost of goods manufactured is determined. Explain the difference between a merchandising and a manufacturing balance sheet. Identify trends in managerial accounting. Managerial accounting is a field of accounting that provides economic and financial information for managers and other internal users. (b) Mary is incorrect. Managerial accounting applies to all types of businesses—service, merchandising, and manufacturing. (a) Financial accounting is concerned primarily with external users such as stockholders, creditors, and regulators. In contrast, managerial accounting is concerned primarily with internal users such as officers and managers. Financial statements are the end product of financial accounting. The statements are prepared quarterly and annually. In managerial accounting, internal reports may be prepared as frequently as needed. The purpose of financial accounting is to provide general-purpose information for all users. The purpose of managerial accounting is to provide special-purpose information for specific decisions. 2. (b) (c) 3. Differences in the content of the reports are as follows: Financial †¢ Pertains to business as a whole and is highly aggregated. †¢ Limited to double-entry accounting and cost data. †¢ Generally accepted accounting principles. Managerial †¢ Pertains to subunits of the business and may be very detailed. Extends beyond double-entry accounting system to any relevant data. †¢ Standard is relevance to decisions. In financial accounting, financial statements are verified annually through an independent audit by certified public accountants. There are no independent audits of internal reports issued by managerial accountants. 4. Budgets are prepared by companies to provide future direction. Because the budget is also used as an evaluation tool, some managers try to game the budgeting process by underestimating their division’s predicted performance so that it will be easier to meet their performance targets. On the other hand, if the budget is set at unattainable levels, managers sometimes take unethical actions to meet targets to receive higher compensation or in some cases to keep their jobs. Karen should know that the management of an organization performs three broad functions: (1) Planning requires management to look ahead and to establish objectives. (2) Directing involves coordinating the diverse activities and human resources of a company to produce a smooth-running operation. (3) Controlling is the process of keeping the company’s activities on track. Disagree. Decision making is not a separate management function. Rather, decision making involves the exercise of good judgment in performing the three management functions explained in the answer to question five above. Employees with line positions are directly involved in the company’s primary revenue generating operating activities. Examples would include plant managers and supervisors, and the vice president of operations. In contrast, employees with staff positions are not directly involved in revenuegenerating operating activities, but rather serve in a support capacity to line employees. Examples include employees in finance, legal, and human resources. 5. 6. 7. 1-4 Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Managerial Accounting, 5/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) Questions Chapter 1 (Continued) 8. CEOs and CFOs must now certify that financial statements give a fair presentation of the company’s operating results and its financial condition and that the company maintains an adequate system of internal controls. In addition, the composition of the board of directors and audit committees receives more scrutiny, and penalties for misconduct have increased. The differences between income statements are in the computation of the cost of goods sold as follows: Manufacturing company: Merchandising company: 10. Beginning finished goods inventory plus cost of goods manufactured minus ending finished goods inventory = cost of goods sold. Beginning merchandise inventory plus cost of goods purchased minus ending merchandise inventory = cost of goods sold. 9. The difference in balance sheets pertains to the presentation of inventories in the current asset section. In a merchandising company, only merchandise inventory is shown. In a manufacturing company, three inventory accounts are shown: finished goods, work in process, and raw materials. Manufacturing costs are classified as either direct materials, direct labor, or manufacturing overhead. No, Matt is not correct. The distinction between direct and indirect materials is based on two criteria: (1) physical association and (2) the convenience of making the physical association. Materials which can not be easily associated with the finished product are considered indirect materials. Product costs, or inventoriable costs, are costs that are a necessary and integral part of producing the finished product.

Foreign Policy Challenges for Donald Trump

Foreign Policy Challenges for Donald Trump Donald J. Trump, the 45th President of the United States of America has been handed down numerous formidable foreign policy challenges ranging from areas in the Middle East throughout East Asia. Trump had even tweeted that â€Å"THE WORK BEGINS!† on January 23, despite any of his top foreign policy positions, at the time, yet to be filled (Trump). According to the White House website, Trump will implement an â€Å"American first foreign policy focused on American interests and American national security† (Spicer). The White House strategy will focus on â€Å"peace through strength,† made possible in part by chasing â€Å"the highest level of military readiness† (Spicer). Potential Challenges: Russia One potential challenge posed to U.S. interest by the emerging foreign policy of the Trump administration is the issue of Russia. The U.S.-Russian relationship is at its lowest point since the Cold War (Fishel). President Trump has stated a closer association with Russian President Vladimir Putin would be an advantage to the United States (Fishel). But the majority of his administration has â€Å"maintained that Russia needs to be confronted for its aggression, including for its annexation of Crimea and military incursions into Eastern Ukraine, hacking during the 2016 presidential election, backing Syrian dictator Bashar Assad, and Russias brutal aerial bombing campaign to assist his efforts† (Fishel). Unparalleled Russian hacking into the Democratic National Committee also enhances the colossal â€Å"security threat posed to critical components of the U.S. government, infrastructure, defense technology, and many other government operations that rely heavily on cyber technology† (Fishel). On the White House Website, it was publicized that it â€Å"will make it a priority to develop defensive and offensive cyber capabilities at our U.S. Cyber Command, and recruit the best and brightest Americans to serve in this crucial area† (Fishel). Russias military intervention in Syria has efficiently set up a proxy war with the U.S. and the rebel forces it backs. The U.S. has held Russia responsible for its â€Å"subsequent breakdown of cease-fire negotiations and the devastating siege of  Aleppo, Syria† (Fishel). Finally, â€Å"Putins war in Ukraine and illegal annexation of  Crimea has sparked fears that hes seeking to reclaim Soviet-era borders and eventually could bait the  NATO  alliance into a military conflict† (Fishel). Trumps latest remarks on Russia have so far confronted the conventional wisdom of either party and has drawn criticism from both sides. Trump hasn’t convicted the Russian hacks into the U.S. election process and has said he would be looking at the possibility of lifting sanctions against Russia tied to its illegal military annexation of Crimea, which the U.S. government has refused to accept† (Fishel). He openly questioned the intelligence communitys calculation that Russia hacked the DNC, compared them to Nazis and held them responsible for releasing false information about his ties to Russia (Fishel). Rather than stand against a potential restoration of Soviet expansionism, critics say Trump seems to be accepting it. He has labeled the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), considered the first line of defense against Russian expansionism, as obsolete, while also suggesting he may not honor the organizations most sacred covenant of mutual defense† (Fishel). In addition to saying the U.S. would profit from a friendlier association with Putin, Trump has also admired him on Twitter, calling him very smart for deciding not to react when President Obama kicked out Russian intelligence offers in retort to the election hack (Trump). North Korea During this past September, North Korea administered its biggest ever nuclear test, discharging a bomb that has been perceived to be able to â€Å"yield to the equivalent of 10 kilotons of TNT† (Fishel). Making this the country’s second nuclear test this year and their fifth since 2006. Now more than ever the United States in extremely alarmed, that North Korea is more near to their goal of â€Å"miniaturizing a nuclear weapon that can be placed on long-range missiles a move that could destabilize the region and the world† (Fishel). Differing from Iran, the U.S has been unable to negotiate an agreement regarding nuclear issues (Fishel). Taking into account, that 3 of the five nuclear tests in North Korea have taken place under Kim Jong-un’s rule, it is clear that the dictator is fearless of the overpowering economic sanctions imposed by foreign nations (Fishel). Even though China’s foreign Ministry has reprimanded the North Korean Tests and urged â€Å"international dialogue, recent tensions between the United States and China over the South China Sea could congeal Chinese support for taking a more aggressive approach to the North Korean regime† (Fishel). This past January, after North Korea stated that they were close to firing off nuclear weapons that could reach the United States, Donald Trump tweeted that â€Å"it won’t happen,† which could be interpreted as a possible â€Å"redline† for the Trump administration (Fishel). In May of 2017 Trump stated that we could potentially be open to the idea of allowing North Korea’s neighbors, including United States allies South Korea and Japan, to obtain their own nuclear resources. This is a move that would successfully â€Å"nuclearize the entire region and negate the cost as justification for stationing United States troops in the region† (Fishel). Trump at the same time has stated that â€Å"We cannot afford to be the military and the police for the world† (Trump). What Trump’s administration means for US Interests The Trump Administration will test the durability of some of America’s longstanding alliances but may create opportunities for new cooperation with others. Trump has expressed that he wanted to improve the United States relationship with Russia, more specifically he wants a closer relationship with Putin (Tucker). Improvement in the U.S.-Russia relationship could alleviate the risk of an escalation in tensions between Iran and the United States. Russia is hopeful for the Trump administration will be friendlier toward them and will â€Å"weaken or even diminish sanctions that were previously imposed on them after the annexation of Crimea in 2014† (Tucker). These sanctions being lifted would allow for President Putin to pronounce himself a winner in the stand-off with the Western powers before the presidential election in 2018 (Tucker). Authorities in Ukraine fear that more cordial relationship between the U.S.-Russia will â€Å"undermine U.S. support for their reform process† (Tucker). Since the Maidan revolution in 2014, the U.S has been a â€Å"committed ally helping finance the new government guaranteeing its international bonds and supporting the IMF program in Ukraine† (Tucker). North Korea  prohibited the U.N. Security Council’s declaration on its latest â€Å"ballistic missile launch and claimed its tests are in self-defense† (News). These tests made by North Korea have been unanimously condemned by the Security Council. They stated that these launches are a â€Å"grave violation of international law† (News). China, one of North Koreas only allies, and main lifeline, also signed onto that statement (News). This enhances another level of ambiguity to the region that is still trying to get a read on the new unpredictable U.S. president. These new missiles are more stable and allow for a less advanced warning (News). â€Å"This achievement on part of North Korea is a dangerous advancement toward the pursuit of a nuclear weapon and is a big first test for President Trump† (News). â€Å"Obviously, North Korea is a big, big problem and we will deal with that very strongly† Trump tweeted (Trump).   Ã¢â‚¬Å"China and the United States have fundamentally different approaches to dealing with North Korea,† said Tong Zhao, a fellow at the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center in Beijing (News). â€Å"China believes we have to gradually encourage North Korea to liberalize its economy to open up to the international community† (News). Ninety percent of North Korea’s trade is with China, leading Western officials indict Beijing of upholding the neighboring dictatorship (News). But China said, â€Å"It’s doing its part by signing on to stringent  U.N. sanctions† (News). In March the United States and South Korea held their â€Å"annual large-scale military drills, which was largely seen by North Korea as a direct threat to their security† (News). North Korea has stated that this could seriously undermine peace and security in the region (News). These drills could also potentially close the door on any â€Å"potential direct engagement with the United States and push North Korea to test an even larger more powerful missile† (News). But to reassure us all Trump tweets â€Å"I have great confidence that China will properly deal with North Korea. If they are unable to do so, the U.S with its allies will! U.S.A.† (Trump). Since Donald Trump has taken office, things have been less then dull, especially regarding his foreign policy. Sure his order to suspend visas for citizens from seven Muslim-majority countries was explosive, however, it is not a central issue in U.S. foreign policy (Friedman). Deepening questions have been brought up in regards to Trump’s foreign policy. And the real question is if he actually has intentions of downgrading NATO, shift relations with Russia, confront China, and take a significant stand against Iran. A foreign policy is not made by hostile phones calls nor threatening tweets. Works Cited Fishel, Justin. 7 Major Foreign Policy Challenges Facing President Donald Trump.ABC News. ABC News Network, 23 Jan. 2017. Web. 11 Apr. 2017. . Friedman, George. Trumps Conventional Foreign Policy.  RealClearWorld. Geopolitical Features, 9 Feb. 2017. Web. 17 Apr. 2017. . News, CBS. What North Korea Missile Launch Means for U.S.-China Relations.  CBS News. CBS Interactive, 14 Feb. 2017. Web. 17 Apr. 2017. . Schneider, Ondrej. The Trump Effect: Global Implications of the Next U.S. President.The Trump Effect: Global Implications of the Next U.S. President | The Institute of International Finance. Institute of International Finance, 8 Dec. 2016. Web. 14 Apr. 2017. . Spicer, Sean. Remarks by President Trump in Strategy and Policy Forum.  The White House. The United States Government, 03 Feb. 2017. Web. 11 Apr. 2017. . Trump, Donald J. Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump).  Twitter. Twitter, 09 Apr. 2017. Web. 12 Apr. 2017. . Tucker, Joshua. Here’s How Trump’s Election Will Affect U.S.-Russian Relations.The Washington Post. WP Company, 10 Nov. 2016. Web. 14 Apr. 2017. .

Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown †The Romanticism and Realism Essay

â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† – The Romanticism and Realism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   The reader finds in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† a mix of realism and romanticism, with the former dominating the latter.    Commenting on the presence of romanticism in Hawthorne’s short stories, Morse Peckham in â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism,† talks about the author’s usage of romantic themes:    In his early short stories and sketches Hawthorne was particularly concerned with three Romantic themes: guilt, alienation, and historicism. These three are so intimately intertwined in his work, as in most Romantics, that it is extremely difficult to separate them. . . .The Romantic historicist used the past for a double, interconnected purpose. On the one hand it was a means for separating oneself from society.. . . .He can be aware of the failure of the institution to fulfill its avowed intentions and its social function. . . . Romantic historicism, therefore, is never an end in itself but a strategy for placing the current social conditions in an ironic perspective. . . .(91-92)       Peter Conn in â€Å"Finding a Voice in an New Nation† comments on the blend of realism and romanticism in Hawthorne†s short stories:    Almost all of Hawthorne’s finest stories are remote in time or place. The glare of contemporary reality immobillized his imagination. . . .Hawthorne, however, despite his disclaimers, had long since discovered in the early history of his own New England the ruins and gloomy wrongs he found congenial. The elusive geography of romance, that lanscape in which imagination and reality could collaborate in acts of transformation, had perhaps disappeared f rom the bustling commercial world. . . but i... ... Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Leavis, Q.D. â€Å"Hawthorne as Poet.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Melville, Herman. â€Å"Hawthorne and His Mosses,† The Literary World August 17, 24, 1850. http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/hahm.html      Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne.† The Norton Anthology: American Literature, edited by Baym et al.   New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1995.    Peckham, Morse. â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Swisher, Clarice. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.            

Loyalty in Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer Odyssey Essays

Loyal Relationships in Homer's Odyssey Loyalty is heroic. Loyalty is defined as faithfulness or devotion to a person, cause, obligations, or duties. In Homer's Odyssey one can see loyalty in many forms. Odysseus is loyal to the gods whom he realized held his life in their hands. Penelope was loyal to Odysseus, while trying not to offend the rude suitors. Telemachus was loyal to a father whom he only knew from the stories he had been told. Time and time again we see loyalty in the strongest sense, complete fidelity in time of uncertainty. In a world where today, we can hardly hope for fidelity and allegiance in the one we choose to give our love to, it might be difficult to understand the plight of Penelope and Telemachus. Even Odysseus would have understood if Penelope had already found love in another man, as evidenced when he asks his mother "And tell me of my wife: how runs her thought, still with her child, still keeping our domains, or bride again to the best of the Akaians?" (Lawall 335). After all Odysseus had been gone for twenty years. Telemachus is now twenty-on...

Review of Khayal Darpan

REVIEW ON KHAYAL DARPAN BY YUSUF SAIED IN LIGHT OF FAIZ AHMAD FAIZ â€Å"ROLE OF ART AND CULTURE† Khayal Darpan is the quest to discover the impact of partition on classical music in Hindustan, a documentary directed by Yusuf Saied. Yusuf Saied is one of the recent scholars who are trying to revive post partition culture and art which is somehow lost due to adoption of new Cultural identity. Yusuf other works include several articles on Islamic Modernization and Muslim community in India, he also directed an international documentary named â€Å" Tasveer Ghar† about Indian popular Culture and Art. As mention by great modernist poet Faiz, the body of art is the visible representation of a national identity, however in case of Pakistan forging an identity of its own rather than adopting from Indus valley civilization was the one of the reasons why pre partition art was throw in to abyss. 1 Khayal Darpan is well documented because it trace grounds and consequences of collapse of classical music what is named, â€Å" ILEM-E-MOUSIQI† in movie, to it ends in very optimistic observations. Khayal Darpan raised many vital questions about culture, nationalism and legitimacy of music in Islam. Yusuf documented some of the surviving practitioners and patrons of Classical music and observed the teaching of music in several institutions. Movie starts with very grounds of â€Å"_Biathaks†_ and â€Å"_Takias__†_ in Lahore where musicians from all over undivided India performed for perfection in â€Å"ILEM-E-MOUSIQI†, with great names such as Amer Ali, Ashiq Ali, Amnat Ali, Roshanara Begum and Bade Ghulam Ali. Yusuf journey takes him to Talwandi Gharana master practitioners of Dhrupad art of music. Things however gradually changed following partition with political identities slaughtering the art, anything with names of Hindu deities were banned on radio, names of Ragas were changed and some new Ragas were also introduced in classical music. Yusuf followed the first part of documentary with controversies during migration and its impact on music with gradual death of art and cultural exchange among two countries. Queries were often raised in masses why to adopt something which contain names of Hindu deities, tracing to it very beginning the classical music or Dhrupad art was developed by a Muslim Sufi Ameer Khusroo, and as Faiz define_ Art as a way of expression of urges, impulses, instinct, dreams, illusions, conflicts, happiness, and unhappiness, and fulfillments and frustrations of a human group_. 2 Second part of movie focus on problems faced by Classical Music after creation of Pakistan. Anti Indian, cultural and Political policies which were imposed in Pakistan did great causalities to â€Å"Khayal† and â€Å"Thumra† style of music. The Anti Indian sentiment which was induced in every Pakistani by political agents in country did great damage to culture which is now long forgotten. Indus Valley Culture was completely eliminated from post colonial society of Pakistan. Anything which relates itself to Sanskrit or Hindi was considered Indian and person practicing it was considered to be unpatriotic. This was very case in India with promotion of anti Pakistan and anti Urdu sentiment. These policies made their impacts on culture, art and literature of both countries. Movie continue with religious attacks on Music with â€Å"DEO BANDS† calling music forbidden in Islam completely neglecting the reality that music in South Asian society was patronized by Sufis. Moreover all of music teacher were related to red light area of Lahore â€Å"HERA MANDI†, this was also the reason why music was made so much unpopular in local masses. There were Valiant efforts to save art and this task was taken by musician themselves but with nearly no one patronizing classical music in society other than few listeners and singers. Later movie takes in account the change of trends in music genres. Ghazal became a popular genre in late sixties and early seventies. As Badaruzaman, classical singer from Lahore explains the reason for absurdness of old genre and denounces adoption of new genre as reason for their obscurity of classical music. However classical music was thrown into obscurity, like traditional Urdu poetry, because of stubbornness and lack of acceptance of new ideas into its regime. Classical music was not accessible and understandable to masses, like son of Tufail Niazi, folk singer explains, and how their father tired to make classical music accessible and understandable to masses. Faiz Ahmad Faiz in his Article, â€Å"Role of Arts & Culture†, tired to explain the factors for downfall of performing art in sub continent. According to Faiz the downfall of Mughal Empire brings arts of music and dancing to red light areas which gradually became morally unacceptable to society. The social prejudices attaching to artists of that time make art unpopular; the concert halls (Kothas) of Banaras and Lahore which was once appreciated by Nawabs and Rajas of subcontinent became a center of prostitution rather than a place of appreciation of performing art. Secondly he blamed imperialist rulers and colonial rule in India who sought to replace Indian culture with their own. During colonial rule national arts were held up to scorn and ridiculed and their western counterparts were popularized. After independence performing arts were apprehended by political and religious agents in both countries. _Performing art became immoral, vulgar and hence antireligious and ideologically unacceptable by both societies, however only classical music was apprehended on these religious and moral _grounds. Thoughtless and ill advised cultural shows during military rule in Pakistan was also the main factor in disrepute of performing art in Pakistan. All these factors provided a sanctuary to western art in Indian society which was adopted by later generations in Pakistan. 3 Third part of movie focuses of â€Å"modernism†, and its effects on art, culture, and literature. There was change in nearly every sect of society, throughout the world. There was mass adoption of western (modernist) cultural trend which is usually mistaken as adoption of western culture. Adoption of Pop and rock music became popular in new generation in Pakistan. Badaruzaman, classical singer from Lahore elucidates the reason of popularity of modern music; according to him clarity of lyrics in songs is the main reason for acceptance of Pop in Pakistani society, and deprecates the complexities of classical music for its downfall. Sarah Zaman talks about the void between traditional music and modern music which according to her is not created in India and Pakistan. She hopes that new generation will see towards traditional music with new approach. She also talks about the ideological differences between generations and how new generations look down upon traditional music and calls it as refutation of our cultural and traditional values. Last part of the movie compares western music with our traditional music. After World War 2 western music changes its trend and despite of ballads, sonnets and romantic songs a new genre of music were developed in western art with their lyrics mainly focusing on topics of wars, religion, society and humanity. On other hand Indian music was still not out of â€Å"Heer Ranja† and â€Å"Sassi Pannu†. It is not western music which is to be blame for dilemma with our traditional music. Horn of dilemma, tradition versus modernism was not limited to performing art but in literature traditional ways were rejected by new generation poets. Tides of time change the use of art in a society, trend of â€Å"art for art† for replaced by â€Å"art for life†, however our classical musician were late in realizing the requirements of new generation which gave a refuge to western music in Pakistani society. Faiz also describe the problem of national identity and relates it to the classical tradition of the arts. Traditions of dancing and music were in Indian society long before arrival of Islam in region; hence contain many ingredients which are not related to Islamic social traditions. Tradition of dancing and music also contains many ingredients from areas which are not Pakistani so this tradition cannot be exclusively Pakistani. Should this tradition then be accepted or alienated from Pakistani society? According to Faiz there are two schools of thought in Pakistan arguing on this question. First school of thought wants to develop a complete new national identity with estranging all elements of our past, but this thought leaves a big question mark on issue relating Urdu as national language and Hockey as national. The differing view on adopting or alienating tradition is that this tradition was accepted by our forefathers and this tradition represents days of Muslim glory in South Asia. This tradition should be accepted and actively patronized. There is also another points of view in this context that a clear distinction should be must be made between non-Islamic and Anti-Islamic in arts. 4_ It is obvious from the movie and article that political and religious agencies were main reason for downfall of this tradition in Pakistan. Classical musician should also be held liable for several reasons which played important role in alienating and diluting society from this tradition

Report: Sustainability in Audi AG

Personal Development & Careers Task 7 Environmental Sustainability in Audi AG By 1213666 To: Romas Malevicius 22. 11. 2012 Table of contents List of Figures Summary Introduction 1 Audi AG Sustainability Procedures 1. 1 Technologies 1. 2 Waste & water management 2. Sustainability as a part of Audi’s CSR 2. 1 Audi Environmental Foundation 2. 2 Environmental Pact for Bavaria & EMAS 2. 4 Recognition 3. Criticism 3. 1 General criticism towards the automobile industry 3. 2 â€Å"Greenwashing† Conclusions Bibliography List of figures * Figure 1. 3 p. 7 From: http://wip. audi. no/photoalbum/view/? ize=org&id=15902&type=1 (Accessed 21. 11. 2012) Summary This report covers Audi AG’s current operational and strategic procedures for environmental sustainability. It looks at sustainability as part of the company’s Corporate Social Responsibility and views critical analysis of the automobile industry to enable making balanced conclusions. Introduction A report by the Un ited Nations entitled Our Common Future (1987) defined sustainable development as ‘development, which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In addition to this, so called ‘intergenerational equity’ has remained a theme in defining environmental sustainability. Essentially it means seeking the minimization of any adverse (long-term) impacts on future generations. The aim of this report is to investigate the actualizations of the aforesaid principles in the corporate actions of Audi AG. Audi AG is a motor vehicle manufacturer, which comprises of the brands Audi, Ducati and Lamborghini. It is a multinational company (MNE) that employs some 46,000 people and has an annual output of over 1,3 million units.Audi AG is part of Volkswagen Group, headquartered from Ingolstadt, Germany. 1. Audi AG Sustainability Procedures 1. 1 Technologies Audi admits that a car manufacturer can never claim to have a p ositive impact on the environment. They are, however, investing billions of pounds in responsible technologies. These include lightweight space frames, diesel engines and Start-Stop technologies. The purpose of these is to reduce fuel consumption and hence cut CO2 emissions. 1. 2 Waste & water management Audi’s slogan ‘Advancement Through Technology’ essentially outlines the company’s principle of constant innovation.The brand values also state that corporate activities are â€Å"shaped by the desire to preserve resources and take a responsible approach to the environment†. They have undertaken numerous actions to introduce these principles. For instance, assembly line waste is separated & sorted on-site and packaging is optimised in the planning stage, which reduce transport needs substantially. Audi uses various sources of energy, such as a local waste processing plant and the Combined Heat, Cooling and Power production facility (CHCP) in the Ingo lstadt factory.Together they save the company 37,000 tonnes of CO2 a year. For car production the company collects rainwater. They also feed 96. 3 per cent of total water into a closed-loop system, so only a very small amount of water is lost. Moreover, Audi encourages recycling vehicle parts and batteries. As a result their production output has substantially increased in the last two decades but overall energy use has remained virtually the same. Figure 1. 3. Figure 1. 3 illustrates the decrease in waste water volume per vehicle in Audi’d main production plants in Germany between the years 1990 and 1999.The total decrease is 4,5m3/vehicle in Neckarsulm and correspondingly 2,3m3/vehicle in Ingolstadt. 2. Sustainability as a part of Audi’s CSR 2. 1 Audi Environmental Foundation Audi’s commitment to the environment and society is an integral part of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The most compelling evindence is the Audi Environmental Foundation Ltd . , which takes voluntary action in environmental, social and economic issues by conducting and funding research projects. 2. 2 Environmental Pact for Bavaria & EMASAudi was a founder member of the Environmental Pact for Bavaria, which now includes around 1,350 companies. The Pact was formed in 1995 as a voluntary agreement between the Bavarian industry and government to do more for the environment. The Pact includes Audi’s European plants participating in the EC Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). The purpose of this is to introduce an environmental management system, which helps improve operational environmental protection on site. 2. 4 RecognitionBased on the above-mentioned policies it can be stated that as a car manufacturer Audi is advanced in promoting sustainability. Audi has also received recognition for this, such as the 2012 Logistics Sustainability Prize. Audi works diligently to improve its image as a â€Å"green† company. Audi of America President Joh an de Nysschen’s spoke at the company’s 100th Anniversary celebration in 2009 (Audi MediaServices, 2009): â€Å"We and our consumers (also) want to drive at something better – a more sustainable future.   The company also published a commercial for the 2010 Super Bowl entitled â€Å"Green Police† where they track down Americans who stick to carbon-unfriendly practices. This was seen as a change of marketing strategy and it received mixed reviews. 3. Criticism 3. 1 General criticism towards the automobile industry The arrival of thousands of motor vehicles in large cities has given the pollution problem completely new dimensions. Research shows that car exhaust contributes half of the (atmospheric) pollutants in large cities and contributes to the â€Å"Greenhouse effect† raising the Earth’s temperature.Among other manufacturers, Audi has hence carried out developments of alternative power sources such as electric and internal combustion e ngines, which gives them a competitive edge. 3. 2 â€Å"Greenwashing† Greenwashing  is a form of propaganda in Public Relations (PR) where green marketing is misleadingly used to create an illusion of an organization's aims and policies being environmentally friendly. After publishing their 2010 Super Bowl commercial â€Å"Green Police† Audi was accused of greenwashing. Creating what is perceived as a genuinely environmentally friendly strategy in all their functional areas is one of their largest current challenges.A quote from Jamey Boiter's  Brand Innovatr blog (Fast Company, 2010): â€Å"†¦Audi are evolving – – They must commit to this evolution in everything about their brands, from product development to communications to industry involvement, to prove they are not greenwashing. † One of Audi’s strengths is that they have been involved in responsible projects for years, dating back to as long as 1960. That being said, their mo st significant competitors such as BMW & Mercedes Benz are increasingly starting to embrace sustainable strategies, which forms a possible threat to Audi.Conclusions The automotive industry is still perceived as one of the largest agents of adverse effects to the environment. As a result of consumers becoming more sophisticated and educated on environmental sustainability, the competition in the industry gets more intense. It can be recommended for Audi to shift their marketing strategy even more towards sustainability and practice product differentiation to this direction whenever possible. Audi should try shaking off the â€Å"greenwashing† claims and coming across as a genuinely responsible corporation.Taking advantage of the decades’ worth of experience and data that they have gathered could do this and possibly gain them a head start from their competitors. Word count: 1000 Bibliography Abuelsamid, S. 2009. Autobloggreen: Audi to add solar power to Ingolstadt fact ory,(online) Available at: http://green. autoblog. com/2009/12/16/audi-to-add-solar-power-to-ingolstadt-headquarters-factory/ (Accessed 21. 11. 2012) Audi AG, 2012. Audi Environmental Foundation Ltd. , (online) Available at: http://www. audi-umweltstiftung. de/auws/brand/de. html (Accessed 22. 11. 2012)Audi AG, 2012. Encounter: The Audi Sustainability Magazine, (online) Available at: http://www. audi-journals. de/eJournals/mz3/2. 0. 7/index_dialoge_en_2010. html#/0 (Accessed 22. 11. 2012) Audi AG, 2000. Interim Review: Environment Report of AUDI AG, (online) Available at: http://wip. audi. no/photoalbum/view/? size=org&id=15902&type=1 (Accessed 22. 11. 2012) Audi AG, 2012. Vorsprung Durch Technik: Environmental Protection at Audi, (online) Available at: http://www. audi. com/com/brand/en/company/environmental_protection/products/recycling. html#source=http://www. audi. om/com/brand/en/company/environmental_protection/environmental_protection_at_audi. html&container=page (Accessed 22 . 11. 2012) Audi MediaServices, 2012. Press release: Audi awarded the 2012 Logistics Sustainability Prize, (online) Available at: https://www. audi-mediaservices. com/publish/ms/content/en/public/pressemitteilungen/2012/03/16/audi_awarded_the_2012. html (Accessed 21. 11. 2012)   Audi United Kingdom, 2012. : Environment, (online) Available at: http://www. audi. co. uk/about-audi/environment. html (Accessed 22. 11. 2012) Audi United Kingdom, 2012. Audi ‘green’ issues and sustainability, (online) Available at: http://www. udi. co. uk/content/dam/audi/production/PDF/Fleet/FleetSalesPDF231209/Audi_Green_issues_and_Sustainability_Jan2010. pdf (Accessed 21. 11. 2012) Boiter, J. 2010. Fast Company: Can Brands Launch Sustainable Campaigns Without Being Accused of Greenwashing? , (online) Available at: http://www. fastcompany. com/1563389/can-brands-launch-sustainable-campaigns-without-being-accused-greenwashing (Accessed 21. 11. 2012) Britannica Encyclopedia, 2012. Automotive Industry, (online) Available at: http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/45050/automotive-industry/65791/Adv

Leadership Empowerment Principle

The leader manifests an important role in each group or organization. He has the main objective of directing and leading the group towards the effective and efficient accomplishment and achievement of their tasks and common interest. He acts as the mediator and the source of power or command inside the group or organization for the management aspect of the diversity, individuality, and unity of each member for the processing and delegation of their different tasks and responsibilities. In general, the leader manifest as the core and central unit of the group making his the head element towards the realization and achievement of their common interest. In the contemporary perspective of group management, the aspect of leadership can be achieve and realize inside the group through different approaches each focusing on a certain aspect in the said aspect. Each leader is uniquely characterized by their specific style and nature of approach towards their purpose inside the group or organization. Every particular leader particularly focuses on a specific element on his leadership style which he views to be important and beneficial to the agenda of managing his group. This certain leadership style can be acknowledged through the realization of the elements he employs in managing his group and its influence to the effectiveness of their organization. In the aspect of realizing the leadership style for self-assessment, the author of this paper particularly examined specific points and elements for the assessment of his leadership style and the effectiveness of his approach. Based form the specific element highlighted in his approach, the author of this paper has realized the certain qualities in his leadership approach and the specific aspect he needs further development for greater effectiveness. From this assessment, the author of this paper has particularly learned the certain strength in his qualities namely the Chain of Command approach in leadership. In this quality, the author of this paper acknowledges that he finds certain strength in developing a sole authority for decision making and setting himself apart from the group for the chain of command. Through which that he is able to effectively manage his member and delegate the specific tasks necessary in their process. As also viewed in this assessment, the author of this paper also expresses interest in developing on the qualities of the centralized leadership particularly on developing group communication elements necessary for this approach. This leader particularly sees an opening for improvement in this aspect to develop an organization environment wherein he is a member but also the leader that directs everyone’s activities. Further on assessment, the author of this paper realizes that his style is best characterized as a partnership approach towards group management wherein aside from being the one with sole authority, he is also the supporter, coach and facilitator for each member’s activities. His style is to communicate and coordinate the activity of the group through imposing several tasks and responsibilities for each member particularly on the decision-making aspect. Thus, each member has their own tasks, responsibility, and specific decision taking part as co-leaders and members in the group. In particular, the author of this paper has the style of sharing the responsibility with the members and acting out as the supporter and facilitator for them. This style is also manifested by the author of this paper as part of his interest of developing a highly empowered leadership style in the group wherein the members are self-directed and has the full ownership of their tasks and most aspect of their jobs. The current approach of the author of this paper is mainly included as the initial step in developing the said approach wherein he is training the member to become independent on their responsibilities with the leader acting as the supporter and the coordinator for the organization tasks. This is mainly implemented on the interest of focusing more attention to the external forces and elements in the group as the members have already became self-directed and responsible for their group activity. Indeed, the leadership style and approach of each person is important as the effectiveness and efficiency of this aspect and the entire group process relies on the management and directing approach of their leader. Each style or approach has its respective element which is highlighted in the process towards the development of its effective application in the group. The effectiveness of this style relies on the characterizing factors and elements of the group, the issues that the organization must face, and the application approach of the leader which must be inclined towards the achievement and realization of the common good and interest of the entire organization. Bibliography Ohio Literacy Resources Center. Transformative Leadership: Leadership Development. http://literacy.kent.edu/Oasis/Leadership/over2.htm#lead. November 30, 2007. Â  

Holistic Nursing

Holistic assessments in nursing provide a unique quality of care to the individual patient. Holism in the provision of care includes assessments obtaining data about the physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual, developmental, cultural and environmental aspects. It is imperative that the nurse conducting these assessments adopts methods in the nursing process that reflects the standards outlined in Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council National Competency Standards for the Registered Nurse to ensure the health and wellbeing of the patient is maximized and maintained throughout the time health care is received.Nursing processes are directed at restoring overall harmony for the patient therefore an understanding of the individual as a whole person must be assessed. During the nursing process, the nurse will perform the assessment, diagnose, plan, implement and evaluate the patient in an ongoing process. This essay will outline the importance of a holistic approach in nu rsing assessment and the importance assessment in the nursing process. ultural, spiritual and psychological aspects of the holistic assessment and the relevance of these components in the provision of care will be discussed and how AMNC standards apply to care in nursing. A holistic approach in nursing assessment establishes the patients’ physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual, developmental, cultural and environmental aspects in their life. Obtaining data holistically is vital in assisting a patients’ ability to manage their symptoms and emotional status maximizing quality of life during the stages of illness or health changes (Margereson & Trenoweth 2009: 104).The aim of the holistic approach in nursing assessment is to establish the type of support and care required for the individual, developing a quality of care that assists their wellbeing as a whole person (Margereson & Trenoweth 2009: 104). When assessing the patient it is important that the nurs e â€Å"collects data that relates to physiological, psychological, spiritual, socio-economic and cultural variables on an ongoing basis† as outlined in ANMC competency 5. 1 (ANMC 2006, p. ). The ANMC competency is supported by, Margereson & Trenoweth (2009:104), who describes the assessment process as ongoing and is determined by the changing needs of the patient, their family and their carer’s. Margereson & Trenoweth (2009: 104) further describes that the holistic approach supports the patient to build psychological resilience and wellbeing, to maintain independence as well as developing care and support networks that is best suited to the individual.The holistic approach in nursing assessment provides the patient assistance in decision making, achieving goals, addressing needs and desires and can build on strengths (Margereson & Trenoweth 2009: 104). Therefore, it is crucial to obtain data holistically in assessment to support and maximise the patients’ healt h and wellbeing. Assessment in the nursing process is an important aspect, as the information gathered enables a comprehensive response to the patients’ health status.It is important for the nurse to adopt an approach following the guidelines outlined in the ANMC, Domain 5, â€Å"Provision and coordination of care† (ANMC 2006, p. 8) to ensure preferences are met an accuracy is maintained when carrying out assessment. The nursing process is a cyclic method that involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing and evaluating (Kozier & Erb 2012: 213). Kozier & Erb (2012: p. 212-213) describes the nursing process as an overlapping lapping sequence that focuses on establishing the patients social, cultural, emotional, spiritual as well as physical needs.Assessment will establish this data as well as a patients’ health history, concerns, health status and their ability to manage their own health care needs (Kozier & Erb: 213). Kozier & Erb (2012: 212) also maint ain that data collected in the assessment phase enables the patients’ lifestyle and routines to be incorporated into the care plan. Assessment is about collecting as much information as possible enabling problem solving throughout the nursing process.Assessment in the nursing process will establish the patients' ongoing needs and provide a quality of care best suited to the individual, to achieve a desirable health outcome. Cultural aspects of holistic assessment is relevant in the provision of nursing care as it provides the care team with an overview of cultural needs of the patient as well as providing information in which the patients’ health problems have arisen. Culture is defined as values, beliefs, artifacts, behaviors, attitudes and customs influencing and regulating interactions between members of a social group (Stein-Parbury 2010: 91; Johnstone 2006: 67).It is the nurses responsibility to adhere to the ANMC, competency 2. 3, ‘accepts individuals/group s to whom care is provided regardless of race, culture, religion, age, gender, sexual preference, physical or mental state’ (ANMC 2006, p. 4). Kozier & Erb (2012: 360) discuss that cultural sensitivity, appropriateness, competency and safety are all factors that are required to be taken into consideration so that the patient can be provided with the best possible health care.Kozier & Erb (2012: 360) also explain that conflicts in health care have been apparent due to cultural misunderstandings. An example of a cultural misunderstanding is the level of pain. In some cultures, it is normal to dramatically express ones level of pain whereas in other cultures people do not complain when in pain (Stein-Parbury 2010: 94). Culture is also an important aspect as it can explain nutrition, environmental and home status and level of education ( Kozier & Erb: 360) which all relate to the provision of care to be given.The holistic assessment of a patients cultural aspects enable the best suitable approach in the provision of care, upholding the patients’ rights, addressing their needs and minimizing misunderstandings. Spiritual needs are often emphasized in times of ill health or other health related crisis therefore it is imperative that spirituality of the patient is understood in order to maximize provision of care. Kozier & Erb (2012: 1154) define spirituality as a way in which a person lives their life, bound in beliefs and values and how their own meaning or perception is viewed.A holistic assessment will determine the spiritual needs of the patient to enable the nurse to respond appropriately to the patient whilst adhering to ANMC, competency 9. 5, ‘Facilitates a physical, psychosocial, cultural and spiritual environment that promotes individual/group safety and security’ (ANMC 2006, p. 12). Narayanasamy (2009:886-890), describes spirituality as a fundamental aspect in holistic assessment as it can promote the patients mind, body and spiri t as well as determining there state of mind in relation to spiritual distress such as loss of hope.Spirituality is an important part of the healing process as it can provide comfort, reduce suffering and assist in the physical and mental healing of the patient (Kozier & Erb 2012: 1154). Kozier & Erb (2012: 1155) state that the nurse who attends to their own spiritual needs is able to assist others and have a better understanding of the patients spiritual needs. Therefore, the provision of care will be heightened and the spiritual needs of the patient can be addressed in a holistic assessment.Psychological aspects of mind-body interactions are of great importance in the holistic assessment process in order to provide provision of care. The nurse is obligated to follow ANMC, competency 5. 1 ‘Uses a relevant evidence-based assessment framework to collect data and the physical socio-cultural and mental health of the individual/group’ (ANMC 2006, p. 8). Kozier & Erb (2012:3 45), explain that mind-body interactions can have a good or ill effect on the body for example, stress can lead to an altered body function such as an increased urinary frequency.Assessment of psychological status is imperative to establish the correct provision of care to be provided. Kozier & Erb (2012: 345) maintain that the minds ability to influence health status is receiving more attention and treatments such as relaxation techniques are being more commonly used to combat symptoms of stress. Illnesses have the ability to create emotional responses as well such as fear and depression, therefore the nurse must take into consideration these variables when conducting an holistic assessment to provide quality care to the patient.Holism in the provision of care is imperative to maintain in the nursing process. Holistic assessments carried out are unique and individual for each patient. This can be obtained in the nursing process by gathering data holistically by assessing the physio logical, psychological, sociological, spiritual, developmental, cultural and environmental aspects of the patient. A better understanding of the patients’ needs and requirements for care can be developed to provide health restoration in the best possible manner suited to the individual.The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council National Competency Standards for the Registered Nurse outlines the requirements for nurses to follow to ensure health care is delivered at the highest standard. References Australian Nursing & Midwifery Council 2006, National Competency Standards For The Registered Nurse, 4th edn, viewed 2 September 2012, . Berman, A et al. , 2012, Kozier and Erb’s fundamentals of nursing, Australian adaptation, 2nd edn, Pearson, Sydney.Ellis, HK & Narayanasamy, A 2009, ‘An Investigation into the Role of Spirituality in Nursing', British Journal of Nursing, Vol. 18, No. 14, pp. 886-890. Johnstone, M 2006, Bioethics: a nursing perspective, Elsevier Austr alia, Marrickville, NSW. Margereson, C & Trenoweth, S 2009, Developing Holistic Care for Long-term Conditions, Routledge, New York. Stein-Parbury, J 2009, Patient and Person: Interpersonal Skills in Nursing, 4th edn, Elsevier, Marrickville.

Humanities-Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece and Roman civilization comparison The first Olympic games were held in Olympia, Greece. These games were part of the â€Å"Panhellenic Festival, instituted in 776 B. C. E in honor of the Greek gods†. The Olympic games occur in an every â€Å"four-year periods beginning with the first games in 776 B. C. E. † The Greeks had many sports such as, â€Å"200-yard sprint, footrace, wrestling, long jump, and boxing. † Greek athletes competed nude. However, women were not allowed to compete in the Olympic games. The Greeks believed that a â€Å"true sport was that which gave athletes an opportunity to rival the divinity of the gods. In contrast to Greece, the Romans had a â€Å"variety of brutal blood sports. † Gladiator fights were â€Å"introduced in Rome in 264 B. C. E. † These games would symbolize the power of the emperors. In Rome, these events were held in the Coliseum. Gladiators fought wild animals. â€Å"Most Gladiators were crimin als, prisoners of war, or slaves. † They were trained in schools and were forced to take part in the events. The Olympic games and Gladiator fights are different because in Greece it was mostly sport festivals, while in Rome it was representation to honor the emperors.Greek architecture monuments were designed to serve the living. One of the many type of Greek architectural structures is the Parthenon. It is a temple dedicated to Athena, the goddess of war. Built in glittering Pentelic marble. The Parthenon represents the â€Å"apex of a long history of post-and-lintel temple building among the Greeks. † The functions of the Parthenon, was to â€Å"display statues of the gods, for the rulers to go and sacrifice and worship in as a recognition of the protection provided by the gods. In contrast, Roman architecture reflected the practical needs of the empire. The Romans are considered one of the greatest architects of ancient times. Also the Romans made good use of the à ¢â‚¬Å"aqueducts, arches, vaults and domes. † For example, the Pantheon is â€Å"a temple dedicated to the seven planetary deities. † Its exterior is covered with a â€Å"veneer of white marble and bronze. † The Pantheon has many features such as, â€Å"a portico with eight Corinthian columns originally elevated by a flight of stairs that now lie buried beneath the city street. Greek and Roman architecture are similar because Roman architecture was based on the knowledge of the Greeks. Although there’s a difference because Greeks used single row columns for actual structural support, while the Romans were progressing technologically and using rows of concrete columns for luxury purposes. The arts in Greek were based on Humanism, Realism, and Idealism. The Greeks used the abstract geometric methods in their paintings. For example, Greek artists painted their â€Å"ceramic wares with angular figures and complex geometric patterns arranged to enhance the sha pe of the vessel. Greeks painted mythology, literature, and everyday life in â€Å"waters jars, wine jugs, storage vessels, drinking cups and bowls. † In contrast, the Roman art was based in Pictorial Realism paintings. The Romans decorated their â€Å"meeting halls, baths, and country villas that were inspired by Greek murals. † Roman art was illustrated in mosaics. This is a technique by which â€Å"small pieces of stone or glass are embedded into wet cement surfaces or plaster surfaces. † Also Romans illustrated landscapes to show affection to their pleasure of nature.It’s clear that Greek art and Roman art are different because both civilizations used different techniques for their art and showed different interested in what they were trying to portray in their paintings. Roman art was based in Realism while Greek art was more Idealistic. Greek literature was based in the Classical Style in Poetry. This is a combination of the â€Å"arts prevailed in most forms of religious ritual and in public and private entertainment. † For example, Hellenic literature was filled with passion and tenderness written in lyric poetry. In contrast, Roman literature reveals a masterful use of Latin literature.Romans use literature for the purposes of â€Å"entertainment, instruction, and record keeping. † A Roman notable style of literature is the Roman Epic Poetry style. For example, â€Å"Rome’s foremost poet-publicist, Virgil wrote the semi legendary epic that immortalized Rome’s destiny as world ruler. † Virgil’s poems were not an oral tradition but a literacy epic. His work became the â€Å"monumental impact of Latin language. † Greek literature and Roman Literature are similar because they both include comedies, poetry and epics. Also Greek literature dealt with myths while Roman Literature was based on triumphs.