Social Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Contract - Essay Example Yet a system of recognized rules and specific regulatory procedures for dealing with unacceptable behavior is needed to prevent violence, exploitation, and pollution. Society would be more guarded and untrusting, since there is no recourse if someone wrongs you. The goal of the legal system is to have consequences that apply to everyone to keep order and fairness, while avoiding vigilantism and corruption. There are different avenues an individual can take if they are suspected of committing a crime. Laws are sometimes enforced unevenly, creating distrust among groups of people who are over represented in the jail system. The people who run the justice system are bound to make errors in judgment or receive inaccurate facts- from the police to lawyers, judges and jurors, and politician. This does not mean the entire system should be eliminated or ignored, but that you as an individual should act within the law or work to change the law with elected officials. You do this because if you were to be the victim of a robbery or reckless driving, you would want the responsible party to have consequences and pay restitution in some way. Living in a society in which most other people follow the law, and those that don't are usually punished, enforces the social contract an individ

Management Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Strategies - Essay Example This can, in part, be contributed to past analysis which has effected in a study of decision making behaviour. This analysis by various scholars has depicted the fact that decisions regarding risky organisational decisions brings out contradictory reactions. Here, we can find the essence of the dichotomy that risk taking strikes as a major aspect of business activities. Risk, in case of such decisions, is seen as a focus of single determinants of behaviour arising from risk theories. Although this approach does not conform to real life situations in an obvious fashion, it has led to potentially inaccurate conclusions about risk behaviour. Such unresolved contradictions can be reconciled by examining the usefulness of placing risk propensity and risk proportion in a more central role than has been previously recognised. Based on such analysis, it is believed that the propensity of risk dominates both the actual and perceived characteristics of the situation as a determinant of risk behaviour. Such an observation can safely justify the finding that suggests that apart from being central to any and every business or organisation, risk is something that entrepreneurs in general, are averse to. This brings us to a discussion on business and kinds of risks. Business can be conducted in any sphere of the earth - literally. Today we have a plethora of businesses on land apart from the ones on water and in air. Apart from the normal business activities, one can find airlines and maritime organisations emerging as major sectors. If we are to take the example of maritime, it is the oldest sector in terms of innovation and discoveries. There have been perils to overcome, risks to undertake, more powerful vessels to make each time, and even more powerful contracts to insure and protect the maritime entrepreneurs, as we are going to refer to these 'shipmen' in the course of this paper. Marina organisations today have spread their wings beyond mere cargo vessels and are now running good profits in the sphere of luxury liners, etc. With risks and businesses come allied industries. Insurance and financial risk management are major industries that thrive side by side with any sector in the world, for there is no area that has been spared the occurrence of risks and accidents as well as catastrophes. Maritime activities hold the promise of enormous risks, which can be analysed in its various aspects as follows, from the insurance point of view: Type and size of boats using the marina New industries established in adjacent areas Changes in the international and national regulatory environment Marina 3 Aging of the marina infrastructure Recent waterfront development Changes in response to equipment, technology and availability Logistics Identification of human and natural resources Trends in political climate and global economy These points besides being self explanatory are relevant in context of the current state of affairs. They have every potentiality of developing from minor to major crises, which explains the development and growth of the field of financial risk management. This can be attributed to the fact that at the end of the day, any loss has financial implications of its own and is deeply rooted in the genesis of risk taking and management. The above mentioned points, with a strong background of financial

Policy Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Policy Speech - Essay Example The CBS report, which drives home to us the inhumanity of capital punishment, demonstrates the urgent need to create and implement a comprehensive policy which will ban the Death Penalty throughout the United States. My passionate conviction that all forms of life merit humane treatment, has made me do an in-depth study on all the facets of the Death Penalty and confirmed my belief that Capital Punishment has no place in a civilized society. There is an urgent need for the crafting and implementation of a ‘Comprehensive Abolition of The Death Penalty Act,’ which will make the Death Penalty illegal throughout the United States. I am confident that my presentation will convince you of the rightness of my stand on this issue. My argument will focus on countering the mistaken perception of two-thirds of the U.S. population who support the Death Penalty (according to the 2009 October Gallup Poll). This majority wrongly believes that the Death Penalty (1) serves as a deterrent to crime (2) is more cost-effective than other forms of punishment (3) employs humane methods of execution. The most prevalent myth about the apparent efficacy of the Death Penalty is that it serves as a deterrent to crime. On the contrary, in a study by Radelet and Lacock, in the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, the results from a survey of the world’s leading criminologists has conclusively proved through empirical research that the death penalty does not add deterrent effects to those already achieved by long imprisonment. Executions do not lower homicide rates. An overwhelming majority of 88% of the surveyed criminologists rejected the deterrence argument in favor of the Death Penalty. Many adherents of the Death Penalty mistakenly assume that it is cheaper than alternative forms of punishment. In fact, the enforcement of the Death Penalty imposes prohibitive costs on the State exchequer. According to the Final Report of the Death

Mobile device policy in healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mobile device policy in healthcare - Essay Example The PHI usually contains detailed information of patients including social security codes, identification details, residential, email and physical addresses, vehicle identifiers, certificates and license numbers, and biometric identifiers (HIPPA, 2015). It is because of containing such information that PHI deserves treatment and handling with highest possible security to protect privacy. Clinical practitioners in the outpatient surgery center have the on-work privileges to use PHI. Practitioners will use mobile devices to access the PHI of patients only when within the surgery center. No person will carry the mobile device out of the premises of the surgery center. Every practitioner shall bear full responsibilities in case of physical damage of the mobile devices with PHI. The PHI of every patient has unique security preferences, and clinical practitioners should consult patients where access of critical information has restrictions. No practitioner shall plug any foreign device except chargers into the PHI mobile devices. After every use, clinical practitioners should ensure to log out the PHI accounts accessed. 4. The devices shall have a central management point with internal networking limited within the surgery center. Exchange of information can only happen via the central management point (American Bar Association, 2015). HealthIT. Gov. (2014). Your Mobile Device and Health Information Privacy and Security. Retrieved March 4, 2015 from:

Policy Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Policy Speech - Essay Example The CBS report, which drives home to us the inhumanity of capital punishment, demonstrates the urgent need to create and implement a comprehensive policy which will ban the Death Penalty throughout the United States. My passionate conviction that all forms of life merit humane treatment, has made me do an in-depth study on all the facets of the Death Penalty and confirmed my belief that Capital Punishment has no place in a civilized society. There is an urgent need for the crafting and implementation of a ‘Comprehensive Abolition of The Death Penalty Act,’ which will make the Death Penalty illegal throughout the United States. I am confident that my presentation will convince you of the rightness of my stand on this issue. My argument will focus on countering the mistaken perception of two-thirds of the U.S. population who support the Death Penalty (according to the 2009 October Gallup Poll). This majority wrongly believes that the Death Penalty (1) serves as a deterrent to crime (2) is more cost-effective than other forms of punishment (3) employs humane methods of execution. The most prevalent myth about the apparent efficacy of the Death Penalty is that it serves as a deterrent to crime. On the contrary, in a study by Radelet and Lacock, in the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, the results from a survey of the world’s leading criminologists has conclusively proved through empirical research that the death penalty does not add deterrent effects to those already achieved by long imprisonment. Executions do not lower homicide rates. An overwhelming majority of 88% of the surveyed criminologists rejected the deterrence argument in favor of the Death Penalty. Many adherents of the Death Penalty mistakenly assume that it is cheaper than alternative forms of punishment. In fact, the enforcement of the Death Penalty imposes prohibitive costs on the State exchequer. According to the Final Report of the Death

Macau Pension Fund Essay Example for Free

Macau Pension Fund Essay According to the Act 84/89/M, Social Security fund would provide subsidies or assistance for unemployed, sick and retired people. This was the so-call â€Å"the first tier of social security†. At the same time, SSF was positioned as a financially independent fund under the local government. In Macau, Pension fund is included in the SSF, and there is no separation between the management of pension fund and SSF. Instead, pension fund is considered as an expense from the aspect of financial management. All the working people, including non-permanent and permanent residents, are required to contribute to SSF in each month. If they have contributed enough amounts, they can get part of or all the pension fund payment after retirement. Since 1993, the government was gradually enlarging the coverage of pension fund beneficiary. So far, most unemployed or workless people, such as housewife, could join the voluntary contributions program. After certain periods of contribution, those people are also entitled to the pension fund payment from SSF once they are over 60. 2. 0 Current Problems As a financially independent fund, SSF is supposed to maintain the operation with the contribution as its major income. However, government funding has already become the most important income of SSF in recent years. In 2010, government budget and funding from gaming tax accounted for 92% of the total income of SSF (see figure 1). For the pension fund, many people stated that the pension fund payment, maximum MOP 2,000, is not enough under the high-inflation economy. Some academies also claim that the contribution is not enough to maintain the budget balance of SSF. After all, government announced the predictable deficit of SSF since 2014 and bankruptcy in 2020 without government funding, which cause the heated discussion in Macau. 3. 1 Insufficient Contribution According to the SSF regulation, a resident who have contributed to SSF for 30 years is qualified to get MOP 2,000 per month after retirement at 65. Actually the monthly contribution to SSF has been fixed at MOP 45 per person since 1998, which means the total contribution in 30 years would be returned in 9 months after retirement. Figure 1: Income of SSF in 2010 The contribution in 2010 only accounted for 5. 35% of the annual income of SSF and 24. 4% of the pension fund payment. In other words, the contribution is obviously insufficient to support the pension fund payment. The pension fund payment has been increased from MOP 800 in 1995 to MOP 2,000 recently, so as other subsidies and assistances. Therefore, the government kept increasing funding for SSF to prepare for the increasing outcome. Millions (MOP) Figure 3: Social security expenditures by SSF 3. 2 Insufficient Pension Fund Payment According to the poverty line set up by Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the people with an income level lower than half of median income should be considered as poor people. Referring to 2011 median income published by Macau Statistics and Census Service, people have income lower than MOP 5,000 per month should be classified as needy. However, the maximum amount of pension fund payment is MOP 2,000, only 40% of the poverty line. The payment is even lower than the minimum subsistence index for one-person family, which is MOP 3,000 after the adjustment by Macau government on 1 Apr 2012. In view of this, some communities and organizations have called for further raise of pension fund payment. 3. 3 Inefficient Management Rate of Return Percentage Inflation Rate Figure 2: Investment return of SSF balance and Macau inflation rate Given the enlarging funding from government, the balance of SSF have increased from MOP 1. 5 billion in 2006 to MOP 6. 2 billion in 2010. However, it has been shown in Figure 2 that the investments return of SSF balance is just a bit higher than the inflation. During the financial crisis, there was even a negative return recorded in 2008. By ignoring year 2008, there is still a downward trend of the return. According to the 2010 annual report of SSF, 72. 43% of SSF balance was deposited into local bank, the remaining proportion was entrusted to fund managing company for only low-risk investments. Under the fix-rate hedging between MOP and HKD, the interest rate of Macau is close to interest rate in Hong Kong, which is similar to US interest rate. Since the 2008 financial crisis, Fed has applied the ultra low interest rate and the interest rate is believed to be maintained until 2014. So, a 72. 43% of deposit in an investment portfolio is reasonably considered as inefficient. 3. 4 Irregular government subsidies In 2008 Macau government introduced the â€Å"Wealth Partaking Scheme†. Each permanent resident will receive the cash check issue by government and each non-permanent residents would received 60% of the partaking amount to permanent resident. The aim of the scheme is to share the result of economic development under the high-inflation economy. However, in some people’s view, the scheme has been considered as supplement of social security and thus expected to transfer the scheme into regular subsidies. Beside the partaking scheme, Macau government established the â€Å"Central Saving Plan† – to inject certain capital into individual account of all the permanent attained the age of 22 in the year. The government claimed that the plan is â€Å"the second tier of social security† and the plan will enhance the living security of retired people. Under the government regulation, people could withdraw the saving fund only when they are over 65 or in urgent needs.

How Music Can Portray Emotions

How Music Can Portray Emotions Torey A. Brooks   Abstract Music listeners of all ages have seen many studies questioning whether music can consistently express emotions. Far less attention has been devoted to the actual content of the musics communicative process for our emotions and the way it makes us want to move to the beat. The research will take into consideration whether music can possibly convey emotional content. Layers of various harmonies give listeners the ability to perceive more intricate emotions; though the expressions are less cross-culturally invariant and more dependent on the social context and/or the individual listener (Juslin, 2013). These emotions are expressed in ways like laughing, crying, or physical movements which as well as the music, also stimulates our brain. Keywords: music, emotion, expression, communication, movement Introduction Music affects everyone on some level. Some listen to it routinely whereas some only listen occasionally. We hear music in our cars, in elevators, at the doctors office, or while we are on hold; it is an integral part of our lives whether we think about it or not. There are many things that excite our brains reward centers, among them are our emotional responses to music and how that music makes us want to shake our bodies. While we can experience a temporary thrill from a high-speed car chase on a movie screen, a piece of music can cause varying emotions depending on its meaning for us on any given day. It is thought that the creation of music was done through rhythmic movements such as the tapping of feet. Pleasure centers of our brain are connected to our motor sensory. Watching others dance, not only affects our wanting to move, it brings about a euphoric appeal to the music because it is affecting us emotionally. Music not only brings about deep expressive experiences, it causes us to want to move to the beat and whether we can openly acknowledge it or not, uplifts our souls as is evidenced by the millions of videos of individuals who post their singing and moving adventures related to the music they listen to. Evidence In one sense, musicians are not necessarily expressing their own emotions as most music is written by other artists; they are feeling as well as expressing the musics emotions. Per Why do we like to danceAnd move to the beat? (2008), the term emotional expression typically means that listeners perceive the musics emotional meaning. Music is a way for humans to express their lifes current state of mind. While a listener could perceive any emotion in a piece of music, not all perceptions are going to be the same which is why there are numerous styles of music available. Evidence suggests that sensory experiences are also motor experiences (Why do we like to danceAnd move to the beat?, 2008). So, it is noticeable that while someone is watching another person dance, our brains movement areas are being unconsciously activated and we are predicting how a dancer will move based on how the music makes us feel. As noted by Juslin (2013) there is some minimum level of agreement among different listeners regarding the expression, presumably because there is something in the music that produces a similar impression in many listeners. When a composer writes music, he does so hoping that the listener will find an intrinsic value and enjoyment so they will continue to listen to the music. While there might be a specific reason behind the music composition, the music can mean way more to many listeners than the composer who wrote it. The term basic or discrete emotions occurs frequently in the music psychology field today, typically referring to certain emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, and fear, but without any deeper consideration of the theoretical basis of the concept (Juslin, 2013). Music that was written with emotions beyond those Juslin noted, are written for the personal experiences that the composer has felt in his own life and appear to do well with regards to being listened to or requested for play on the radio. Music that has a catchy tune, yet does not t ouch us emotionally fade quickly into what are known as one hit wonders. Most musicians try to compose their music around life situations that have affected them in an emotional way. They hope to convey those emotions to others who can share in the same feelings or at least empathize with them. Music that touches our emotions of love, loss, healing, or whatever we look for in music, is music that will always touch our hearts. Studies regarding how music taps into our emotions rank the top ten emotion terms as happiness, sadness, anger, fear and love, tenderness, and this tendency was similar across the three data sets, despite differences in samples (musicians vs. students, various countries) and selections of emotion terms (ranging from 32 to 38 terms) (Juslin, 2013). When I began this paper, I actively kept a count of how many times I heard music throughout the day that I did not initiate; it averaged thirty-two occasions in one day. After that test, I began to look at how the music affected me on these noninitiate occasions. It was at the bank and lobby music was playing or I was waiting in line for my lunch and they had music playing in the background. Unconsciously, I caught myself humming or signing along and if the time was long enough, I caught myself moving to the hits. Standing in the bank humming brought me to a time years ago when I used to volunteer in a childrens ministry. I can remember assisting in childrens church and regardless of the childrens attitude upon arrival, the moment we all began singing and playing musical instruments, everyone could visibly see the calming changes in a room of 40, 3- and 4-year-old children; they became more peaceful, complete. They were more amiable to sit through a lesson and their parents noticed t hat they were more apt to fall asleep on their way home. While this is not a controlled experiment, the children spent 10 minutes singing and dancing and the ripple effects lasted for 6 hours. Conclusion As I felt calmed in the bank with my humming and swaying, singing with movement calmed the childrens souls and gave them an emotional outlet for the experiences in their small worlds. I do not believe they consciously understood the benefits of the music and movement, they just truly enjoyed it. Music and dance may just be particularly pleasurable activators of the sensory and motor circuits. So,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦humans like watching others in motion (and being in motion themselves), adding music to the mix may be a pinnacle of reward. (Why do we like to danceAnd move to the beat?, 2008). Therefore, it is true that music can bring about deep emotional experiences and it can cause us to want to move with the beat as it uplifts our souls. Regardless if we listen to music casually or unfailingly, it can move our souls in ways unimaginable. References: Juslin, P. N. (2013). What does music express? Basic emotions and beyond. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764399/ Why do we like to danceAnd move to the beat? (2008, September 26). Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/experts-dance/